Apparatus for Generation of Air-Borne Spray to Remove Malodor and Contamination

ABSTRACT

There is provided a system and method of cleaning surfaces of an enclosable environment of a contamination comprising a microbial and viral load. The method includes the steps of sealing the enclosable environment and placing water, and a solid or gel pack, into a container and generating a vortex the container by rotating an impeller. The agitation causes the solid or gel pack to release a gaseous cleaning agent. An air-borne spray exiting from the container spreads throughout the enclosable environment to contact the surfaces to be cleaned within the enclosable environment. The enclosable environment is maintained closed for an effective time period while the air-borne spray dwells on the surfaces to eliminate or substantially reduce the load of the contamination.

STATEMENT OF RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of pending U.S. Ser. No. 17/989,454,filed on Nov. 17, 2022, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No.16/835,851, filed on Mar. 31, 2020, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,535,205,which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. Ser. No. 15/895,510,filed Feb. 13, 2018, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,420,599, which is inturn a continuation of application U.S. Ser. No. 15/253,315, filed Aug.31, 2016, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,925,959, which is in turn adivisional application of U.S. Ser. No. 15/063,931, filed on Mar. 8,2016, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,446,742, which claims the benefit ofprovisional application 62/253,188, filed on Nov. 10, 2015.

BACKGROUND 1. Field of the Invention

The present technology relates to apparatus and systems for air-bornedispersal of a cleaning agent onto contaminated surfaces to clean thesesurfaces. More particularly, the technology relates to cleaning ofsurfaces, contaminated with microbial and/or a viral load that may behazardous to human health and that may lead to contagion, in enclosedspaces, such as vehicle people-carrying spaces, to reduce or eliminatethe contamination.

2. Description of the Related Art

There is increasing concern about the spread of contagious diseases,whether these may be influenza, common colds, or a potentially lethalvirus such as Ebola, or microbial or viral diseases that are not evenknown or identified at this time. For purposes of this description,microscopic fungi are included in the term “microbes.” Most of thesemicrobes and viruses are spread through contact; a first person contactssome surface (for example, by shaking the hand of a contagious person ortouches a contaminated surface) and acquires the contamination, becomesinfected, and then passes it on to yet another person. This chain ofinfection is well-known. Some contaminants, whether microbial or viral,appear to be spread through air-borne means. This includes coughing andthe emitting of a fine spray of contaminated and contagious sputum.

In a modern urban environment, one of the main means of transportationis in enclosed vehicles such as, but not limited to, aircraft, busses,trains, boats, cars, SUVs and trucks. Some of these are vehicles thatare open to the general public to use, and some members of the publicmay have a communicable disease that is spread through microbes orviruses. Surfaces inside the cabin of the vehicle, where passengers areusually seated, may over time become heavily contaminated with livemicrobes and viral contaminants. Thus, these surfaces serve to spreadthe microbial or viral disease to other passengers through contact.

Even in non-public, personal or family transportation, one family membermay be ill and could contaminate surfaces thereby passing a contagiousillness to other family members. This is especially a risk whereschool-aged children “pick up” a microbial or viral infection fromclassmates at school, and can then pass it on to parents and siblingsthrough contaminated surfaces in a family vehicle. Some microbes orviruses may be long-lived, and immunity to these may not be readilyachieved. Thus, there is a chance of recurrent illness. Merely wipingsurfaces may not eliminate the microbial or viral load on surfacesbecause surfaces may not be smooth and totally accessible. For example,surfaces are often textured and may have joints and other features wheremicrobial and viral loads may persist.

With regard to newly manufactured vehicles, the chances of a microbialor viral load on surfaces are low, unless the vehicle was contaminatedduring assembly. On the other hand, the chances that a “pre-owned” or“used” vehicle is contaminated and a source of potential infection, isrelatively far higher. Aside from the potential health issues, there areoften also aesthetic issues with pre-owned or used cars: they may havean odor in the cabin space from pets carried in the space or from theway in which they were (mis)used by the previous owners. This can have anegative impact on the resale value of the vehicle.

There is a need from a public health standpoint to clean surfaces withina passenger carrying cabin space of vehicles to reduce any microbialand/or viral load. Moreover, there is also not only a public health needto do this but also a business or economic need to remove anyundesirable odors from the cabin space of public, used or pre-ownedvehicles.

SUMMARY

This summary is intended to present a brief outline of some of thefeatures of exemplary embodiments of the inventions; these andadditional features are more particularly described in the DetailedDescription, here below. The descriptions do not limit the scope on theinventions, which is set forth in the appended patent claims.

In an exemplary embodiment, there is provided a method of cleaningsurfaces of an interior cabin space of a contamination comprising amicrobial and viral load. The method includes the steps of sealing theinterior cabin space and placing water, and a solid or gel pack, into acontainer of the apparatus. If the lid is closed, the nozzle shouldpreferably be open to avoid pressure build up in the container. Themotor of the apparatus is activated to agitate the water and generate avortex of water within a container of the apparatus by rotating animpeller in the container. The agitation causes the solid or gel pack torelease a gaseous cleaning agent. The steps then include opening anozzle of the lid of the apparatus, if it was not already open, togenerate an air-borne spray from the nozzle. The spray includes thegaseous agent, along with very fine entrained mist of water. The lidknocks out at least some of the larger sized droplets of water thatmight have been entrained in the air-borne spray, prior to exit of theair-borne spray from the nozzle. The air-borne spray exiting from thecontainer spreads throughout the interior cabin space to coat thesurfaces to be cleaned within the interior cabin space. The cabin ismaintained closed for an effective time period while the coating fromthe air-borne spray dwells on the surfaces to eliminate or substantiallyreduce the load of the contamination. The apparatus used in carrying outthis method includes a substantially frusto-conical container having acircular first end and a circular second end, wherein the circularsecond end has a greater diameter than a diameter of the circular firstend. The sides of the container are slightly convex near the first endso that the sides of the container are curved. The apparatus includes ahousing containing an electric motor and the housing is releasably andsealingly attached to the circular first end of the container. Thehousing has a base whereon the apparatus can stands upright whenassembled and in use. The apparatus includes a spindle with an impeller,driven by the electric motor, located within the container to agitatethe water with the solid or the gel pack. The container has a lid sizedand configured to releasably and sealingly engage the second end of thecontainer. The lid has a liquid baffle inside, at a distal region of thelid, and the lid has a nozzle extending from the top of the lid that hasa cover for sealing the lid and container closed.

Optionally, the step of sealing the interior cabin space comprisesclosing doors, windows and air vents of an air circulation system of avehicle cabin.

Optionally, the solid or gel pack includes a formulation that uponcontact with water releases chlorine dioxide as the gaseous cleaningagent.

Optionally, the step of sealing the interior cabin space comprisesclosing doors, windows and air vents of an air circulation system of avehicle cabin; and may further comprise turning on an air circulationsystem of the cabin.

Optionally, the step of allowing the cabin to remain closed while thecoating from the air-borne spray dwells on the interior of the surfacesto eliminate or substantially reduce the remove or reduce the load ofthe contamination is for an effective time period of at least 20minutes.

Optionally, the method further includes using a detector to determine aconcentration of the gaseous cleaning agent in the air within theinterior cabin space. And the method includes opening the cabin when theconcentration is at a safe level.

Optionally, the step of using a detector includes observing an indicatorof the apparatus that indicates a safe level of concentration of thegaseous cleaning agent.

Optionally, the motor of the apparatus is powered by a rechargeablebattery or by a connection to a power outlet located within the cabinspace.

Optionally, the apparatus is sized to fit inside a cup-holder inside thecabin space.

Optionally, the step of activating the motor of the apparatus is carriedout remotely.

Optionally, the step of opening a nozzle of the lid is carried outremotely.

Optionally, the step of allowing the cabin to remain closed, while thecoating from the air-borne spray dwells on the interior of the surfacesto eliminate or substantially reduce the remove or reduce the load ofthe contamination, further includes removing odors from the cabininterior.

In another exemplary embodiment, there is provided a system for cleaninga cabin interior of a car, truck, SUV or tractor-trailer rig of amicrobial or viral contamination. The system includes sealing the cabinfrom the outside environment and starting an air recirculation system ofthe cabin. It also includes selecting a portable apparatus to placeinside the cabin interior, where the apparatus includes a substantiallyfrusto-conical container having a circular first end and a circularsecond end, wherein the circular second end has a greater diameter thana diameter of the circular first end. A housing containing an electricmotor is releasably and sealingly attached to the circular first end ofthe container. And, the housing has a base whereon the apparatus standsupright, when assembled and in use. There is a spindle with an impeller,driven by the electric motor, in the container to agitate the wateralong with a solid or a gel pack that releases a gaseous cleaning agent.A lid is sized and configured to releasably and sealingly engage thesecond end of the container, and has a liquid baffle inside at a distalregion of the lid. The lid having a nozzle extending from the top of thelid; the nozzle has a cover for sealing the lid and container closed,and the nozzle is sized for projecting an air-borne spray out of it at avelocity that would spread a gaseous cleaning agent throughout the cabinspace. The system includes adding a predetermined quantity of water anda chemical that releases a gaseous cleaning agent into the container ofthe apparatus, and closing the lid of the apparatus, preferably keepingthe nozzle open. Then in a further step, the system includes activatingthe motor of the apparatus to cause formation of a vortex of water inthe container through action of the spinning impeller. Entrained largerwater droplets are knocked out of the spray exiting out of the nozzleand the nozzle emits an air-borne spray that includes the gaseouscleaning agent, which may include fine water droplets. To allow cleaningto take place, the system maintains the cabin closed while allowing acoating of the emitted gaseous cleaning agent to dwell for an effectivetime to reduce a microbial and viral load on interior surfaces withinthe closed cabin.

Optionally, the apparatus is sized to fit inside a cup-holder inside thecabin space and the motor of the apparatus is powered by connection to apower outlet located within the cabin space.

Optionally, the apparatus includes a detector and an indicator toindicate when a concentration of the gaseous cleaning agent has reducedto a safe level.

Optionally, the step of activating the motor of the apparatus is carriedout remotely.

Optionally, maintaining the cabin closed also permits the cleaning agentto remove odors from the cabin interior. Optionally, allowing thecleaning agent to dwell for an effective time on the surfaces to becleaned by keeping the cabin sealed includes maintaining the cabinclosed for about 12 to about 30 minutes.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages, of thepresent technology will become more readily appreciated by reference tothe following Detailed Description, when taken in conjunction with theaccompanying simplified drawings of exemplary embodiments. The drawings,briefly described here below, are not to scale, are presented for easeof explanation and do not limit the scope of the inventions recited inthe accompanying patent claims.

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of an exemplary embodimentillustrating some of the steps of the method of cleaning contaminatedsurfaces in an enclosed space.

FIG. 2A is an exemplary embodiment of an apparatus showing thegeneration of a gaseous cleaning agent from its container.

FIG. 2B is an exemplary cutaway illustration of a vehicle showing theexemplary embodiment of the apparatus of FIG. 2A emitting an air-bornegaseous cleaning agent throughout the cabin.

FIG. 3A is a schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of anapparatus useful in the methods and systems for cleaning contaminatedsurfaces in an enclosed space.

FIG. 3B is an exploded view showing components of the apparatus of FIG.3A.

FIGS. 4A and B depict alternative views of another exemplary lid for anexemplary apparatus like that of FIGS. 3A and B.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following non-limiting detailed descriptions of examples ofembodiments of the inventions may refer to appended Figure drawings andare not limited to the drawings, which are merely presented forenhancing explanations of features of the technology. In addition, thedetailed descriptions may refer to particular terms of art, some ofwhich are defined herein, as appropriate and necessary for clarity.

The term “cabin” as used in the specification and claims refer to aspace containing contaminated surfaces that can readily be enclosed, forexample by closing doors, windows and air vent system, if any, of thespace such that air inside the space is neither withdrawn nor added to.The air may be allowed to re-circulate in the cabin however, byactivation of an air circulation system, for example, or use of a fan inthe cabin.

The term “coating” or “coat” as is used in reference to a gaseouscleaning agent on surfaces, means that the gaseous agent dwells on thesurface and may be carrying entrained fine water droplets that form amist containing dissolved gaseous cleaning agent so that the air-bornemist coats and thereby cleans the surfaces, including fine surfacetextures, surface patterns, and tight interstitial spaces such as found,for example, in stitched seats and dash boards, etc. in vehicles.

The terms “contamination” or “contamination load” when used in referenceto surfaces within a cabin means microbial, fungal, or viralcontamination and also includes contaminants that cause a malodorousscent, for example, of decayed organic matter, fecal matter, and thelike.

The term “effective period of time” as it relates to the time that thecleaning agent dwells in a cabin for cleaning of surfaces therein, theeffective period may vary from about 10 to about 30 minutes; and inparticular may be from about 15 to about 20 minutes. More or less timemay also be effective, depending upon the degree of cleaning (extent ofcontaminant load reduction) to be achieved and the nature of thechemical cleaning agent used. For example, some cabin spaces may havesurfaces so heavily contaminated as to require more than one treatment,or to require that the gaseous cleaning agent dwell on surfaces for upto 8 hours, or overnight, to achieve a desired level of cleanliness anddeodorization.

The term “significant reduction in contamination load” means that thecontamination load of a particular contaminating species is reduced byat least 80% after cleaning in exemplary embodiments, or in someexemplary embodiments at least 98% after cleaning.

Referring to FIG. 1 , an exemplary flowchart, there are severalstraightforward steps in the system or method depicted. Once the processstarts at block 110, the cabin with contaminated surfaces inside to betreated is closed at block 120. For example, in a used car such asexemplified in FIG. 2 as 180, all doors, windows and the air circulationsystem, are closed off. Thus, air does not enter or leave the cabinexcept for natural flow around seals of doors and windows, which mayoccur in a closed cabin. A door is opened, and an apparatus (explainedlater with reference to FIGS. 3A and B, and 4A and B) containing liquidwith a chemical in solid or gel pack form is placed in the cabin atblock 130, and the cabin is closed. (Note that step 120 may take placeafter step 130; the order is not important). After a few minutes, thechemical in the closed apparatus generates a gaseous cleaning agent andthe water becomes slightly cloudy as a result. At this stage the motorof the apparatus is activated in block 140. A nozzle of the apparatus isopen, if it was not open already, and the nozzle is sized such that flowof gaseous agent through the nozzle erupts upward, as lava from avolcano, and flows throughout the cabin interior, as shown in FIG. 2B byarrows 205. The nozzle, as explained below, has internal structures,like baffles, that remove entrained large liquid droplets from thegaseous cleaning agent stream as it exits from the apparatus. It istheorized, without being bound, that smaller fine droplets are entrainedand assist in the coating and permeation of surfaces with the gaseouscleaning agent. As with any chemical cleaning agent, the agent should beallowed to dwell on the surfaces for a period of time effective for asignificant reduction in the contamination load, as in block 150.Optionally, during this period of waiting (block 150), the vehicle beingtreated (block 160) may activate the air circulation system, inrecirculation mode. this would allow the cleaning agent to enter theducting and filters that form part of the air circulation system andclean these of potential allergens, microbes, viruses and fungi, aswell. After an effective period of time has elapsed, and entry into thecabin is deemed safe, the cabin can be opened in block 170, and thecleaning process is complete.

An exemplary embodiment of an apparatus useful in carrying out thesystems and methods of the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 3A, 3B and4A and 4B. As shown, the apparatus 200 has a container 210, with sidesthat are gently convex-curved, and that has a base 220 at one end and alid 250 at the other end. The container 210 has a diameter 212 at itsupper end that is larger than its diameter 214 near its base 220. Thebase 220 contains a motor driven by either a battery pack (rechargeableor not) inside the base, or by electrical connection to an electricaloutlet. A spindle 226 is seated on an engaging wheel 224 that engageswith motor spindle 222 and rotates in unison with motor spindle 222. Animpeller 230 has a cavity 232 that friction fits to the spindle 226 sothat the impeller 230 rotates as the spindle 226 rotates. The impellerin the exemplary embodiment shown has a “double horse-shoe shape” withone horse shoe 234 curved downward, and the other 236 curved upward sothat the two are conjoined in a common plane at their respective apexesof curvature. This design facilitates creation of a vortex shape whenliquid in container 210 is agitated by the rotating impeller in thecontainer at speed. A protective cover 228 shields the motor fromcontents of the container 210, and fits around the spindle 226, whichprojects out axially through a hole in the center of the cover. Thespindle is appropriately sealed against the hole to avoid or minimizeleakage into a space under the cover 228.

Referring more particularly to FIGS. 4A and B, an alternativeillustrated exemplary embodiment of the lid 250 can be either frictionfit to the upper end of the container 210 by engaging an upper lip ofthe container, or can be screwed onto the container 210 by threading 260on the lower end 262 of lid 250 that engages corresponding threading onthe container upper lip (not shown). The lid 250 has a top 252 that hasa nozzle 254, equipped with a nozzle closing tab 256, extending from it.Referring briefly to FIG. 2A, when in use, the exemplary container 210is partially filled with water 272, and a solid 275 or a gel pack 275that releases the gaseous cleaning agent when in contact with water, isplaced in the water container. The cleaning gas begins to evolve morequickly when the motor is activated; gas evolution accelerates due toagitation from rotating impeller 230, as shown by arrow 235, whichcauses the water to form a vortex in the container 210, as shown. Oncesufficient gaseous agent has evolved, the gaseous cleaning agent eruptsupward out through the nozzle as an air-borne spray to fill the cabinspace and commence cleaning surfaces. Thus, the nozzle 254 has an innerdiameter 255 shown in FIG. 4A that is sized to cause gaseous cleaningagent emissions from the container through the nozzle at a speed suchthat the emissions have both velocity and momentum to cause an air-bornespray that travels throughout the desired region of the cabin space tobe cleaned. For example, the air-borne spray velocity is sufficient totravel through the cabin of a car. In other embodiments, such as for alarge SUV or a cabin of a tractor trailer rig, more than one apparatusmay be needed to achieve total cabin permeation by the air-borne spray.To avoid emitting foam and/or large droplets from the container, the lidincludes a baffle 264, exemplified by a cart-wheel structure with spacesbetween the spokes covered with a fine mesh material 266, in its basearea. In addition, the nozzle may include a further baffle 258, at itsbase, that includes perforations for flow of the gaseous cleaning agent.

While the gaseous cleaning agent has been described as chlorine dioxide,other similar gaseous agents may also be useful. In addition, odorizersmay be added to impart a pleasant smell to the interior of the cleanedcabin, or to mask any “chemical” smell.

While examples of embodiments of the technology have been presented anddescribed in text and some examples also by way of illustration, it willbe appreciated that various changes and modifications may be made in thedescribed technology without departing from the scope of the inventions,which are set forth in and only limited by the scope of the appendedpatent claims, as properly interpreted and construed.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus for generating and distributing agaseous cleaning agent, the apparatus comprising: a container configuredto contain water and a formulation, the formulation producing a gaseouscleaning agent when in contact with water; an impeller located in thecontainer; and a motor coupled to the impeller, the motor containedwithin a housing disposed at a bottom end of the container.
 2. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the impeller is configured to form avortex within the liquid in the container, when rotated by the motorduring use.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1, the container comprises a lidwith a nozzle configured to release the gaseous cleaning agent from thecontainer during use.
 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the lid andnozzle are configured to emit an air-borne fine spray of gaseouscleaning agent and entrained water through the nozzle.
 5. The apparatusof claim 4, wherein the lid includes a baffle that is configured toselectively allow passage of droplets of water based on droplet size. 6.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the nozzle comprises a baffle, thebaffle comprising through holes.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6, furthercomprising a closing tab on the lid configured to close off the nozzle.8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the impeller comprises a doublehorse-shoe shape with a first horse shoe curved downward, and a secondhorse shoe curved upward so that the two are conjoined in a common planeat their respective apexes of curvature.
 9. An apparatus for generatingand distributing chlorine dioxide, the apparatus comprising: a containerconfigured to contain water and a formulation that releases chlorinedioxide when in contact with water; a lid configured to attach to anupper open end of the container; an impeller positioned within thecontainer; a base disposed at a bottom end of the container; and a motorcoupled to the impeller and disposed in the base.
 10. The apparatus ofclaim 9, wherein the impeller is configured to form a vortex within theliquid in the container, when rotated by the motor during use.
 11. Theapparatus of claim 9, wherein the lid comprises a nozzle configured torelease the chlorine dioxide cleaning agent from the container, duringuse.
 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the lid and nozzle areconfigured to emit an air-borne fine spray of gaseous cleaning agent andentrained water through the nozzle.
 13. The apparatus of claim 12,wherein the lid includes a baffle that is configured to selectivelyallow passage of droplets of water based on droplet size.
 14. Theapparatus of claim 13, wherein the nozzle comprises a baffle, the bafflecomprising through holes.
 15. The apparatus of claim 14, furthercomprising a closing tab on the lid configured to close off the nozzle.16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the impeller comprises a doublehorse-shoe shape with a first horse shoe curved downward, and a secondhorse shoe curved upward so that the two are conjoined in a common planeat their respective apexes of curvature.
 17. An apparatus for generatingand distributing chlorine dioxide, the apparatus comprising: a containerhaving a lid, the container configured to contain water and aformulation that releases chlorine dioxide when in contact with water;an agitator positioned within the container; and a driver for theagitator, associated with the container, to facilitate agitation ofwater within the container, when the apparatus is in use.
 18. Theapparatus of claim 17, wherein the lid comprises a nozzle through whichan air-borne spray of chlorine dioxide and entrained water is emittedwhen in use.
 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the container isconfigured to generate and distribute sufficient chlorine dioxide gas toremove malodor from an automotive cabin interior within about 15 toabout 20 minutes.
 20. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the containeris configured to generate and distribute sufficient chlorine dioxide gasto reduce a contamination load by at least 80%.